Publications

From Intelligent Operating Systems to Intelligent Operating Rooms

Concept: How emerging technologies including sensors, audiovisual analysis, and artificial intelligence are revolutionising the measurement, feedback, and improvement of both technical and non-technical skills in surgery.

Surgical Analytics

  • Machine learning for skill evaluation

  • Wearable biosensors for cognitive load measurement (e.g., HRV, EDA, EEG)

  • Computer vision (e.g., hand pose tracking)

  • Automated video-based performance feedback

  • Real-time cognitive load and motion analysis

Concept: Clinical Human Factors explores how individual, team, and system-level factors affect clinical performance. It informs the design of safer, more efficient healthcare systems by aligning processes and environments with human capabilities and limitations.

Clinical Human Factors

  • Distributed Cognition

  • Non-technical skills

  • Multiteam system (MTS) dynamics

  • Behavioural adaptation under uncertainty

  • Environmental and ambient conditions

Concept: Examines how intentional strategies at individual, team and system-level can be embedded into surgical systems to improve long-term performance and safety.

Systemic Interventions

  • Surgical education

  • Performance enhancing techniques

  • Coaching frameworks

  • Briefing and debriefing

  • Surgical culture